Title Page 3
Copyright Page 4
Dedication 5
Table of Contents 7
Introduction 11
Prologue 23
1. motive: the request by Leo (1-3) 23
2. petitio benevolentiae and warning against envy (4-6) 23
3. dedication (7) -1
1. The First Aphorism: on Taciturnity 24
1. the aphorism (1) 24
2. ‘taciturnitas tempestiva’ (2-9) 24
a) three rules of silence (2-6) 24
(1) ‘tempus tacendi’ (2-3) 24
(2) ‘locus tacendi’ (4) 24
(3) ‘materia tacendi’ (5-6) 24
b) four rules of speech (7) 25
c) ‘speech is silvern, silence is golden’ (8-9) 25
3. ‘taciturnitas intempestiva’: three causes (10-15) 25
a) unability to speak (10-11) 25
b) stupefaction (12-13) 26
c) shame (14-15) 26
4. digression on Solon’s answer (cf. 2c) (16-19) 26
a) the answer (16) 26
b) defence against the charge of boasting (17-19) -1
2. The Second Aphorism: on Forethought 27
1. announcement of the aphorism (1) 27
2. definition and justification of the word ‘aphorismus’ (2-3) 27
3. Socrates’ aphorism (4-5) -1
4. the connection with the four cardinal virtues (6) -1
3. The Four Cardinal Virtues 28
A. definition of virtue (1-3) 28
B. first cardinal virtue: ‘prudentia’ (4-21) 29
1. definition (4) 29
2. subdivisions (4-21) 29
a) ‘ratio’ (5-8) 29
(1) explanation (5) 29
(2) three levels of ‘ratio’ (6) 29
(3) three levels of ‘sensualitas’ (7-8) 30
b) ‘intelligentia’ (9-16) 30
(1) explanation (9) 30
(2) the four faculties of the mind (9-16) 30
c) ‘circumspectio’ (17) 31
d) ‘providentia’ (18) 32
e) ‘docilitas’ (19-20) 32
f) ‘cautio’ (21) 32
C. second cardinal virtue: ‘fortitudo’ (22-25) 33
1. definitions (22) 33
2. subdivisions (22-25) 33
a) ‘magnanimitas’ (23) 33
b) ‘fiducia’ (24) 33
c) ‘securitas’ (24) 33
d) ‘magnificentia’ (24) 33
e) ‘constantia’ (25) 33
f) ‘tolerantia’ (25) 33
g) ‘firmitas’ (25) 33
D. third cardinal virtue: ‘temperantia’ (26-35) 33
1. definitions (26) 33
2. subdivisions (27-31) 34
a) ‘modestia’ (28) 34
b) ‘verecundia’ (28) 34
c) ‘abstinentia’ (28) 34
d) ‘castitas’ (cf. 3, 31) (28) 34
e) ‘honestas’ (28) 34
f) ‘moderatio’ (28) 34
g) ‘parcitas’ (29) 34
h) ‘sobrietas’ (30) 34
i) ‘pudicitia’ and the difference from ‘castitas’ (30-31) 34
3. some means to acquire temperance (32-34) 35
E. fourth cardinal virtue: ‘iustitia’ (36-63) 36
1. definitions (36) 36
2. ‘iustitia naturalis’ and ‘iustitia positiva’ (37-49) 36
a) ‘iustitia naturalis’ (37-48) 36
(1) explication (37-40) 36
(2) the motions of the firmament: ‘ratio philosophica’ (41-43) 37
(3) ‘ratio theologica’: macro- and microcosm (44-48) 37
b) ‘iustitia positiva’ (49) 38
3. subdivisions (50-63) 38
a) ‘amicitia’ (51-55) 39
(1) explanation (51-52) 39
(2) forms (53-54) 39
(3) power (55) 39
b) ‘innocentia’ (56) 39
c) ‘concordia’ (57-59) 40
d) ‘pietas’ (60) 40
e) ‘religio’ (61) 40
f) ‘affectus’ (62) 40
g) ‘humanitas’ (63) 40
4. The Third Aphorism: on Anger and the Other Vices 41
1. two aphorisms on anger (1) 41
2. the seven capital sins (2-13) 41
a) ‘castrimargia’ (3-4) 41
b) ‘incestus’ (5) 41
c) ‘philargiria’ (6) 41
d) ‘ira’ (7-9) 42
e) ‘mesticia’ (10) 42
f) ‘accidia’ (11) 42
g) ‘cenodoxia’ (12) -1
3. reference to Johannes Cassianus (13) -1
5. The Fourth Aphorism: on Liberty and Pride 43
1. the aphorism (1) 43
2. liberty (1-8) 43
a) ‘spiritualis’ (1-4) 43
b) ‘corporalis’ (5-8) 43
3. pride (9-23) 44
a) definition and threefold cause: excellence (9-18) 44
(1) ‘fortuna’ (9-14) 44
(2) ‘virtus’ (14) 45
(3) ‘sapientia’ or ‘philosophia’ (14-18) 45
b) two forms of pride (19) -1
(1) ‘contumacia’ (19) -1
(2) ‘inamtas’ (19) -1
c) the opposite of pride: humility (20-23) -1
6. The Fifth Aphorism: on Envy and Felicity 46
1. the aphorisms (1-2) 46
2. felicity (3-5) 47
a) ‘solida’ (3) 47
b) ‘caduca’ (4-5) 47
3. envy (6-16) 48
a) (as one of) the seven forms of pride (6-11) 48
(1) ‘contemptus’ (6) 48
(2) ‘livor’ (7) 48
(3) ‘inobedientia’ (7-8) 48
(4) ‘blasphemia’ (8) 48
(5) ‘murmuratio’ (8) 48
(6) ‘derogatio’ (8) 48
(7) ‘iniusticia’ and its opposite ‘iusticia’ (9-11) 48
b) two forms of envy: ‘nocua’ and ‘innocua’ (12-16) -1
(1) distinction and description (12-13) -1
(2) illustration: Etna and Vesuvius (14-16) -1
7. The Sixth Aphorism: on Unchastity 49
1. the aphorism with clarification (1-4) 49
2. allegorical interpretation (5-15) 50
a) Chimaera (5-8) 50
(1) impersonating love (5-6) 50
(2) impersonating a harlot (7-8) 50
b) Scylla (9-15) 51
8. The Seventh Aphorism: on Patience 52
1. the aphorism (1) 52
2. two forms of patience: ‘libera’ and ‘servilis’ (2) 52
3. its source: fortitude and prudence (3) -1
4. two forms of fortitude (3-6) -1
9. On Friendship and Benefit 53
1. the aphorism (1) 53
2. friendship (2-5) 53
3. benefit (6) 54
10. First Group of Disconnected Aphorisms 55
11. On Delight 60
1. the aphorism and two forms: ‘utilis’ and ‘inutilis’ 60
2. allegorical interpretation 60
a) Licomedes and Deidameia 60
b) Antheus and Hercules 60
12. Second Group of Disconnected Aphorisms 61
13. On Avarice 65
1. the aphorisms 65
2. allegorical interpretation 65
a) Tantalus 65
b) Phineus 66
14. On the Longing for Death 67
1. the aphorism with clarification 67
2. three forms of death 67
a) ‘corporea’ 67
b) ‘spiritualis’ 68
c) ‘philosophica’ 68
3. closing sentence 68
Notes 69
Books and Articles referred to 137
Index 141

Guillelmus de Donekastria

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Koninklijke Brill N.V.

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2024-06-27