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Whether you need a course supplement, help preparing for an exam, or a concise reference for the subject, CliffsQuickReview Criminal Justice can help. This guide covers the criminal justice system in the United States, with coverage on police powers, citizens' rights, and criminal law. In no time, you'll be tackling topics such as
Rights consciousness and civil liberties
Legal defenses and justifications for crimes
Theories of punishment
The causes and costs of police corruption
Sentencing statutes and guidelines
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Cliffs quick review criminal justice

Dennis Earl Hoffman; Cliffs Notes, Inc

Hoffman, Dennis Earl

by Dennis Hoffman

John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated

Hungry Minds, Incorporated

John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

IDG Books Worldwide

Wiley Pub.

Cliffs quick review, Cliffs quick review, Hoboken, N.J, New Jersey, 2000

Cliffs quick review, 1st ed, New York, 2000

United States, United States of America

HarperCollins, Foster City, CA, 2000

Updated edition, August 7, 2000

New York, New York State, 2000

1, Updated, PS, 2000

до 2011-01

lg532736

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topic: Criminal justice, Administration of

Type: 英文图书

Bookmarks:
1. (p1) PREFACE
2. (p2) CHAPTER 1: THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
2.1. (p3) The Structure of Criminal Justice
2.2. (p11) The Process of Criminal Justice
2.2.1. (p4) The legislature
2.2.2. (p5) The judiciary
2.2.3. (p6) The executive branch
2.2.4. (p7) The major components of the justice system
2.2.5. (p8) The differences between federal and state justice systems
2.2.6. (p9) The first line of defense against crime
2.2.7. (p10) Criminal justice as a nonsystem
2.2.8. (p12) Rules
2.2.9. (p13) Discretion
2.2.10. (p14) Steps in the criminal justice process
2.2.11. (p15) The criminal justice funnel and the Constitution
2.3. (p16) The Politics of Criminal Justice
2.3.1. (p17) Politics of selecting decision makers
2.3.2. (p18) Politics of lawmaking
2.3.3. (p19) Politics and policing
2.3.4. (p20) Politics of prosecution
2.3.5. (p21) Politics of judicial decision-making
2.3.6. (p22) Politics of corrections
2.3.7. (p23) Politicization of criminal justice
2.3.8. (p24) Politics of stymie
2.4. (p25) Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should the Crime
3. (p30) CHAPTER 2: CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN THE U.S
3.1. (p31) Citizen Participation
3.1.1. (p32) Lobbying elected officials
3.1.2. (p33) Influencing judicial policymaking
3.1.3. (p34) Raising public consciousness
3.1.4. (p35) Performing jury duty
3.1.5. (p36) Reporting crimes and testifying in criminal cases
3.1.6. (p37) Establishing and conducting mediation
3.1.7. (p38) Monitoring the criminal justice system
3.1.8. (p39) Providing statements about harm caused by criminals
3.2. (p40) Rights Consciousness and Civil Liberties
3.2.1. (p41) General versus specific rights
3.2.2. (p42) The Bill of Rights
3.2.3. (p43) The Fourteenth Amendment and due process
3.2.4. (p44) Earl Warren and the due process revolution
3.2.5. (p45) Due process rights
3.2.6. (p46) Individual versus group rights
3.3. (p47) Racial Disparities in American Criminal Justice
3.3.1. (p48) The meaning of "racial disparity"
3.3.2. (p49) Types of racial disparities
3.3.3. (p50) The reasons racial disparities exist
3.4. (p51) Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Is the Criminal Justice System Racist?
4. (p55) CHAPTER 3: CRIME
4.1. (p56) Definitions of Crime
4.1.1. (p57) Misdemeanors and felonies
4.1.2. (p58) Crimes versus torts
4.1.3. (p59) State and federal crimes
4.2. (p60) Types of Crime
4.3. (p61) Part I Offenses
4.3.1. (p62) Sources of Information on Crime
4.3.2. (p63) The UCR
4.3.3. (p64) The NCVS
4.3.4. (p65) Crime Decreases
4.3.5. (p66) A strong economy
4.3.6. (p67) Changing demographics
4.3.7. (p68) Police manipulation of crime data
4.3.8. (p69) The decline in the crack market
4.3.9. (p70) A cautionary caveat
4.4. (p71) Drugs and Crime
4.4.1. (p72) The amount of illegal drug use
4.4.2. (p73) Drug laws
4.4.3. (p74) Alcohol abuse and crime
4.5. (p75) Guns and Crime
4.5.1. (p76) Gun ownership
4.5.2. (p77) Guns manufactured
4.5.3. (p78) Anti-gun lawsuits
4.5.4. (p79) Gun-control laws
4.6. (p80) Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Does Gun Control Reduce Crime?
5. (p84) CHAPTER 4: CRIMINAL LAW
5.1. (p85) Sources of Criminal Law
5.1.1. (p86) Common law
5.1.2. (p87) Constitutions
5.1.3. (p88) Statutes and ordinances
5.1.4. (p89) Administrative rules with criminal penalties
5.1.5. (p90) Appellate court decisions
5.2. (p91) The Nature of Criminal Law
5.2.1. (p92) Criminal law versus civil law
5.2.2. (p93) Substantive versus procedural law
5.3. (p94) Functions of Criminal Law
5.4. (p95) Legal Elements of a Crime
5.4.1. (p96) No crime without law
5.4.2. (p97) No crime without a criminal act
5.4.3. (p98) No crime without intent
5.4.4. (p99) No crime without concurrence
5.5. (p100) Legal Defenses and Justifications for Crimes
5.5.1. (p101) Insanity
5.5.2. (p102) Entrapment
5.5.3. (p103) Self-defense
5.6. (p104) The Limits of Criminal Law
5.6.1. (p105) Legislators should not use criminal law to penalize harmless behavior
5.6.2. (p106) Legislators should not use criminal law if the penalty does more harm than the offense
5.6.3. (p107) Legislators should not include in criminal law prohibitions that the public does not support
5.6.4. (p108) Legislators should not use criminal law to condemn wicked acts
5.7. (p109) Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should Drugs Be Legalized?
6. (p113) CHAPTER 5: DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN POLICE
6.1. (p114) Policing Colonial America
6.1.1. (p115) The county sheriff
6.1.2. (p116) Fragmentation of law enforcement authority
6.1.3. (p117) Benefits and costs of fragmentation
6.2. (p118) Developing the New Police
6.2.1. (p119) Robert Peel and the "Bobbies"
6.2.2. (p120) Adopting the London model
6.2.3. (p121) The first American police department
6.2.4. (p122) The problem of political control
6.2.5. (p123) The problem of corruption
6.2.6. (p124) The problem of police brutality and racial/ethnic discrimination
6.3. (p125) Frontier Justice
6.4. (p126) Progressive Police Reform
6.4.1. (p127) Civil service
6.4.2. (p128) Other recommended changes
6.4.3. (p129) Police as social workers
6.4.4. (p130) Police Professionalism
6.4.5. (p131) August Vollmer
6.4.6. (p132) O. W. Wilson
6.5. (p133) Crime Control Decades (1919-1959)
6.5.1. (p134) The Red Scare
6.5.2. (p135) Riots and police racism
6.5.3. (p136) Expansion of the federal role in law enforcement
6.5.4. (p137) J. Edgar Hoover and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
6.5.5. (p138) Technological and administrative changes
6.6. (p139) Policing the Social Crises of the 1960s
6.6.1. (p140) Racism and the police
6.6.2. (p141) The due process revolution and the police
6.6.3. (p142) Street crime and the federalization of law enforcement
6.6.4. (p143) The resurgence of police unionism
6.7. (p144) Crime Control Revisited (1970s-1990s)
6.7.1. (p145) Controlling street crime
6.7.2. (p146) Controlling illegal drugs
6.7.3. (p147) The deja vu character of police brutality
6.7.4. (p148) The crime control counterrevolution
6.8. (p149) Law Enforcement Goes High-Tech
6.8.1. (p150) Advanced microphones
6.8.2. (p151) Closed circuit television cameras (CCTC)
6.8.3. (p152) Forward-looking infrared (FLIR)
6.8.4. (p153) Intelligent transportation systems (ITS)
6.8.5. (p154) Databases
6.8.6. (p155) DNA typing
6.9. (p156) Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should Police Take
7. (p161) CHAPTER 6: POLICE FUNCTION
7.1. (p162) The Nature of Police Work
7.1.1. (p163) Three functions
7.1.2. (p164) Major responsibilities
7.1.3. (p165) Factors shaping police work
7.1.4. (p166) Factors influencing discretionary decisions
7.2. (p167) Police Systems
7.2.1. (p168) Federal police agencies
7.2.2. (p169) Internationalization of law enforcement
7.2.3. (p170) State police
7.2.4. (p171) County police
7.2.5. (p172) Municipal police
7.3. (p173) Police Organization
7.3.1. (p174) The police bureaucracy
7.3.2. (p175) Quasi-military features
7.3.3. (p176) Police management styles
7.4. (p177) Police Strategies
7.4.1. (p178) Patrol
7.4.2. (p179) The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment
7.4.3. (p180) Interpreting the Kansas City study
7.4.4. (p181) Proactive policing
7.4.5. (p182) Investigation
7.4.6. (p183) Special operations
7.5. (p184) Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Does Community
8. (p189) CHAPTER 7: POLICE POWERS AND CITIZENS' RIGHTS
8.1. (p190) Criminal Procedure and the Constitution
8.1.1. (p191) Criminal procedure
8.1.2. (p192) Interpretation of the Constitution
8.1.3. (p193) Criminal procedure as a zero-sum game
8.1.4. (p194) The due process revolution and the crime control counterrevolution
8.2. (p195) The Right to Privacy
8.2.1. (p196) Searches
8.2.2. (p197) Search warrants
8.2.3. (p198) The standard of proof for a search warrant
8.2.4. (p199) Particularity of search warrants
8.2.5. (p200) How the police obtain and execute a search warrant
8.2.6. (p201) The Gates test
8.2.7. (p202) No-knock warrants
8.2.8. (p203) Electronic eavesdropping as a search
8.2.9. (p204) Conditions under which the government can use electronic eavesdropping
8.2.10. (p205) Searches without warrants
8.2.11. (p206) Arrests
8.2.12. (p207) The standard of proof for an arrest
8.2.13. (p208) The basic rules of arrest
8.2.14. (p209) Necessity for arrest warrants
8.2.15. (p210) Drug arrests
8.2.16. (p211) Arrests and domestic violence
8.2.17. (p212) Stops
8.2.18. (p213) Stop and frisk
8.2.19. (p214) Drug stops
8.3. (p215) The Exclusionary Rule
8.3.1. (p216) Weeks v. U.S. (1914)
8.3.2. (p217) Mapp v. Ohio( 1961)
8.3.3. (p218) Erosion of Mapp
8.4. (p219) The Fifth Amendment's Right Against Self-incrimination
8.4.1. (p220) The ban on forced confessions
8.4.2. (p221) Requirements for asserting the right against self-incrimination
8.4.3. (p222) Confessions and counsel
8.4.4. (p223) Miranda warnings
8.4.5. (p224) The erosion of Miranda
8.4.6. (p225) When a Miranda warning is required
8.4.7. (p226) When a Miranda warning isn't necessary
8.5. (p227) Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Are Citizens' Rights a Barrier to Justice?
9. (p231) CHAPTER 8: POLICE PROBLEMS
9.1. (p232) Police Perjury
9.1.1. (p233) "Dropsy"
9.1.2. (p234) The Mollen Commission
9.1.3. (p235) The blue wall of silence
9.1.4. (p236) Solutions for "testilying"
9.2. (p237) Police Brutality
9.2.1. (p238) The incidence of police brutality
9.2.2. (p239) Race and brutality
9.2.3. (p240) Factors related to brutality
9.2.4. (p241) The problem officers
9.2.5. (p242) Stopping brutality through preventive administrative control
9.2.6. (p243) Stopping brutality through punitive administrative control
9.2.7. (p244) Civilian review
9.2.8. (p245) Civil lawsuits
9.2.9. (p246) Criminal prosecution
9.2.10. (p247) Independent auditors
9.3. (p248) Deadly Force
9.3.1. (p249) Racial disparities
9.3.2. (p250) Controlling deadly force
9.4. (p251) Police Corruption
9.4.1. (p252) The costs of police corruption
9.4.2. (p253) The causes of police corruption
9.4.3. (p254) Rooting out police corruption
9.4.4. (p255) Prosecuting corrupt police officers
9.4.5. (p256) Legislative control
9.5. (p257) Employment Discrimination
9.5.1. (p258) The nature of the problem
9.6. (p259) Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should Affirmative Action Be Used to Eliminate Injustice?
10. (p263) CHAPTER 9: CRIMINAL COURTS
10.1. (p264) State Courts
10.1.1. (p265) Lower courts
10.1.2. (p266) Courts of general jurisdiction
10.1.3. (p267) Courts of appellate jurisdiction
10.2. (p268) Federal Courts
10.2.1. (p269) U.S. district courts
10.2.2. (p270) U.S. courts of appeals
10.2.3. (p271) The U.S. Supreme Court
10.2.4. (p272) The policymaking role of the Supreme Court
10.2.5. (p273) Judicial activism versus judicial restraint
10.3. (p274) Administrative Problems: Heavy Caseloads and Delay
10.3.1. (p275) Reducing caseloads
10.3.2. (p276) Speeding up court processing
10.4. (p277) Judges
10.4.1. (p278) Federal judges
10.4.2. (p279) Factors that influence who sits on the federal bench
10.4.3. (p280) State judges
10.4.4. (p281) The major influences on judicial decision making
10.4.5. (p282) The importance of the legal subculture
10.4.6. (p283) The relevance of the democratic subculture
10.4.7. (p284) Judicial misconduct and its remedies
10.4.8. (p285) Judicial independence
10.5. (p286) Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should Judges Who Are "Soft on Crime" Be Removed from Office?
11. (p290) CHAPTER 10: DEFENDANTS' RIGHTS
12. (p334) CHAPTER 11: PROSECUTORS
13. (p359) CHAPTER 12: DEFENSE ATTORNEYS
14. (p377) CHAPTER 13: SENTENCING
15. (p410) CHAPTER 14: PRISONS AND PRISONERS' RIGHTS
16. (p442) CHAPTER 15: THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM

theme: Criminal justice, Administration of

An excellent resource for students preparing for quizzes, mid-terms, and finals, CliffsQuickReviews are designed to be used as supplements to class lectures and textbook reading in various subjects.There are more than 600 criminal justice programs at universities around the United States and about 25,000 students a year graduating with degrees in criminal justice. This timely resource for students, professionals, and general readers provides a straightforward guide to the intricacies of the laws and agencies that deal with crime in the United States.

The phrase criminal justice system refers to a collection of federal, state, and local public agencies that deal with the crime problem.

2011-06-04