تهافت الفلاسفة
Although Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali lived a relatively short life (1058-1111), he established himself as one of the most important thinkers in the history of Islam. The Incoherence of the Philosophers, written after more than a decade of travel and ascetic contemplation, contends that while such Muslim philosophers as Avicenna boasted of unassailable arguments on matters of theology and metaphysics, they could not deliver on their claims; moreover, many of their assertions represented disguised heresy and unbelief. Despite its attempted refutation by the twelfth-century philosopher Ibn Rushd, al-Ghazali's work remains widely read and influential.
Ibn Rushd, known to Christian Europe as Averroes, came from Cordoba in Spain and lived from 1126 to 1198. He is regarded as the last great Arab philosopher in the Classical tradition, and, under the patronage of the Almohad ruler Abu Ya'quib Yusuf, was a very prolific one. The Tahafut al-Tahafut, written not long after 1180, is his major work and the one in which his original philosophical doctrine is to be found. It takes the form of a refutation of Ghazali's Tahafut al-Falasifa (The Incoherence of the Philosophers), a work begun in 1095 which attacked philosophical speculation and declared some of the beliefs of the Philosophers to be contrary to Islam. Averroes sets his Aristotelian views in contrast with the Neo-Platonist ones attributed to the philosophers by Ghazali. Published in the UNESCO Collection of Great Works under the auspices of the Gibb Memorial Trust and the International Commission for the Translation of Great Works.

motw/Averroes' Tahafut Al-Tahafut_ The Incohere - Al-Ghazali.pdf

The incoherence of the philosophers =: Tahāfut al-falāsifah: a parallel English-Arabic text

Averroes' Tahafut Al-Tahafut: The Incoherence of the Incoherence

Microsoft Word - Averroes.rtf

تهافت الفلاسفة

Abū-Ḥāmid Muḥammad Ibn-Muḥammad al- Ġazzālī

Al-Ghazali; Michael E. Marmura

Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali

غزالي،, 1111-1058

al-Ghazzālī

Academic Publishing

Islamic Translation Series, Revised edition, February 5, 2002

Islamic translation series, 2nd ed., Provo, Utah, Utah, 2000

United States, United States of America

Islamic Translation Series, 1997

Second Edition, 2nd, 2002

producers:
Acrobat Distiller 6.0 (Windows)

Memory of the World Librarian: Quintus

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Translated, Introduced, And Annotated By Michael E. Marmura. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. English And Arabic On Facing Pages, With Parallel Pagination. غزالي.

2025-10-27